本文最后更新于 2021年9月4日。
一、简介
上次简单用python做了一个GUI界面，勉强能用。
我是这样学习GUI的——GUI入门之用Matlab写一个GUI程序并生成exe
我是这样学习GUI的——GUI入门之用Python写一个GUI程序并生成exe
这次对界面和 bug进行优化。
二、优化内容
主要优化的点有：
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这次使用place方法定位，控件位置更加精准，不会在使用过程中产生移动现象。
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优化了图形显示，增加图形工具栏，增加网格线，便于查看曲线细节
。 -
优化界面，控件排布整齐，增加了简洁的样式，更加美观。
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语句结构也更加精简，限定斜率计算值保留一位小数，避免数字显示不完整。
界面对比如下：
之前界面是这样：
现在界面是这样：
三、附上源码
import tkinter as tkimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tkfrom matplotlib.figure import Figuredef ini_fun(): global y0, y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6, y7, y8, y9, inter_width, inter_width_entry, slope y0_label = tk.Label(root, text='y0').place(x=15, y=550, width=50, height=20) y1_label = tk.Label(root, text='y1').place(x=80, y=550, width=50, height=20) y2_label = tk.Label(root, text='y2').place(x=145, y=550, width=50, height=20) y3_label = tk.Label(root, text='y3').place(x=210, y=550, width=50, height=20) y4_label = tk.Label(root, text='y4').place(x=275, y=550, width=50, height=20) y5_label = tk.Label(root, text='y5').place(x=340, y=550, width=50, height=20) y6_label = tk.Label(root, text='y6').place(x=405, y=550, width=50, height=20) y7_label = tk.Label(root, text='y7').place(x=470, y=550, width=50, height=20) y8_label = tk.Label(root, text='y8').place(x=535, y=550, width=50, height=20) y9_label = tk.Label(root, text='y9').place(x=600, y=550, width=50, height=20) slope1_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope1').place(x=80, y=610, width=50, height=20) slope2_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope2').place(x=145, y=610, width=50, height=20) slope3_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope3').place(x=210, y=610, width=50, height=20) slope4_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope4').place(x=275, y=610, width=50, height=20) slope5_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope5').place(x=340, y=610, width=50, height=20) slope6_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope6').place(x=405, y=610, width=50, height=20) slope7_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope7').place(x=470, y=610, width=50, height=20) &n
bsp; slope8_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope8').place(x=535, y=610, width=50, height=20) slope9_label = tk.Label(root, text='slope9').place(x=600, y=610, width=50, height=20) inter_width_label = tk.Label(root, text='inter_width:').place(x=100, y=650, width=70, height=20) inter_width_entry = tk.Entry(root) inter_width_entry.place(x=175, y=650, width=50, height=20) inter_width_entry.insert(1,'10') slope = ['0.0','0.0','0.0','0.0','0.0','0.0','0.0','0.0','0.0','0.0'] (y0,y1,y2,y3,y4,y5,y6,y7,y8,y9)=(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)def show_y(): global y0_entry, y1_entry, y2_entry, y3_entry, y4_entry, y5_entry, y6_entry, y7_entry, y8_entry, y9_entry global y0, y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6, y7, y8, y9, inter_width y0_entry = tk.Entry(root) y0_entry.place(x=15, y=530, width=50, height=20) y0_entry.insert(1,y0) y1_entry = tk.Entry(root) y1_entry.insert(1,y1) y1_entry.place(x=80, y=530, width=50, height=20) y2_entry = tk.Entry(root) y2_entry.place(x=145, y=530, width=50, height=20) y2_entry.insert(1,y2) y3_entry = tk.Entry(root) y3_entry.place(x=210, y=530, width=50, height=20) y3_entry.insert(1,y3) y4_entry = tk.Entry(root) y4_entry.place(x=275, y=530, width=50, height=20) y4_entry.insert(1,y4) y5_entry = tk.Entry(root) y5_entry.place(x=340, y=530, width=50, height=20) y5_entry.insert(1,y5) y6_entry = tk.Entry(root) y6_entry.place(x=405, y=530, width=50, height=20) y6_entry.insert(1,y6) y7_entry = tk.Entry(root) y7_entry.place(x=470, y=530, width=50, height=20) y7_entry.insert(1,y7) y8_entry = tk.Entry(root) y8_entry.place(x=535, y=530, width=50, height=20) y8_entry.insert(1,y8) y9_entry = tk.Entry(root) y9_entry.place(x=600, y=530, width=50, height=20) y9_entry.insert(1,y9)def show_slope(): global slope slope1_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[0], bg='#cccccc').place(x=80, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope2_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[1], bg='#cccccc').place(x=145, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope3_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[2], bg='#cccccc').place(x=210, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope4_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[3], bg='#cccccc').place(x=275, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope5_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[4], bg='#cccccc').place(x=340, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope6_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[5], bg='#cccccc').place(x=405, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope7_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[6], bg='#cccccc').place(x=470, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope8_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[7], bg='#cccccc').place(x=535, y=590, width=50, height=20) slope9_num = tk.Label(root, text=slope[8], bg='#cccccc').place(x=600, y=590, width=50, height=20) def get_num(): global y0, y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6, y7, y8, y9, inter_width, inter_width_entry y0 = int(y0_entry.get()) y1 = int(y1_entry.get()) y2 = int(y2_entry.get()) y3 = int(y3_entry.get()) y4 = int(y4_entry.get()) y5 = int(y5_entry.get()) y6 = int(y6_entry.get()) y7 = int(y7_entry.get()) y8 = int(y8_entry.get()) y9 = int(y9_entry.get()) inter_width = int(inter_width_entry.get())def calculate(): global y0, y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6, y7, y8, y9, inter_width get_num() x = range(0, inter_width*10, inter_width) y = [y0, y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6, y7, y8, y9] for k in range(0,9): slope[k] = (y[k+1] - y[k]) / inter_width slope[k] = round(slope[k], 1) show_slope() f_plot.clear() f_plot.plot(x, y) f_plot.grid() canvs.draw()def clear(): ini_fun() show_y() show_slope()def main(): global root, f, f_plot, canvs root = tk.Tk() root.geometry("670x700+30+30") root.title("tkinter and matplotlib") f = Figure(figsize=(6.4, 4.6), dpi=100) f_plot = f.add_subplot(111) f_plot.grid() canvs = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, root) canvs.get_tk_widget().place(x=15, y=15) tk.Button(root, text='calculate', command=calculate).place(x=500, y=650, width=70, height=30) tk.Button(root, text='clear', command=clear).place(x=580, y=650, width=70, height=30) toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(canvs, root) toolbar.place(x=15, y=475, width=200, height=40) y_frame = tk.Frame(root, highlightbackground='gray',highlightthickness=2).place(x=10, y=520, width=650, height=2) slope_frame = tk.Frame(root, highlightbackground='gray',highlightthickness=2).place(x=60, y=580, width=600, height=2) button_frame = tk.Frame(root, highlightbackground='gray',highlightthickness=2).place(x=60, y=640, width=600, height=2) &
nbsp;ini_fun() show_y() show_slope() root.mainloop()if __name__ == '__main__': main()
四、使用方法
如果你也对编程感兴趣，可以复制源码自己运行试试，还可以自己修改，体验编程的乐趣。
不过前提是电脑已经安装了python３．
如果没有安装，你也可以公众号WeiyounMimi后台回复‘slope’获取我打包好的exe文件直接运行体验。